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| 1977 |
| | Mengistu Haile Mariam seizes control of Ethiopia's ruling Dergue (military council) in a violent coup | |
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| 1984 |
| | A disastrous famine in the northern provinces of Ethiopia is the first to be seen all round the world on television | |
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| 1991 |
| | As Ethiopian and Eritrean rebels approach Addis Ababa, the leader of the Dergue, Mengistu, flees the country | |
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| 1991 |
| | The rebel Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), led by Meles Zenawi, takes control in Ethiopia | |
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| 1993 |
| | The new federalist regime in Ethiopia cedes independence to Eritrea | |
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| 1994 |
| | The fossilized skeleton of an Ardipithecus female, nicknamed Ardi and 4.4 million years old, is found in the Awash valley region of Ethiopia | |
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| 1995 |
| | Ethiopians have their first experience of democracy in a free presidential election, won by Meles Zenawi | |
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| 1998 |
| | Bitter and devastating warfare breaks out again between Eritrea and Ethiopia as the result of a border dispute | |
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| 2003 |
| | Michael Rogers, in a team led by Sileshi Semaw, discovers the world's oldest known chipped stone tool, at Gona in Ethiopia | |
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| 2011 July 20 |
| | The United Nations declares southern Somalia to be in a state of famine, with the disastrous lack of rain driving thousands of refugees into Ethiopia and Kenya | |
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